The Explorer’s Daughter by Kari Herbert is the Edexcel IGCSE literary travel writing extract in which a returning daughter of the Inughuit defends a community narwhal hunt against outsiders who see only the killing. This guide gives you the paragraph-by-paragraph breakdown, 10 fully analysed quotes and a Grade 9 answer plan, complete and ready to reproduce in the exam.
Contents
- What is The Explorer’s Daughter about?
- What is the purpose of The Explorer’s Daughter?
- What is the message of The Explorer’s Daughter?
- What are the supporting issues and themes of The Explorer’s Daughter?
- What happens in The Explorer’s Daughter? Paragraph-by-paragraph breakdown
- What are the 10 best quotes from The Explorer’s Daughter?
- Vocabulary List
- What is the conclusion on The Explorer’s Daughter?
- Frequently asked questions
What is The Explorer’s Daughter about?
The Explorer’s Daughter is a piece of travel writing by Kari Herbert. She grew up among the Inughuit people of Thule in North Greenland.
In 2002 she returns and watches a narwhal hunt from a lookout. The piece is shaped by her dilemma.
Her heart pulls toward both the brave hunter and the beautiful whale. This guide gives you the full breakdown, the ten best quotes and a Grade 9 plan.
What is the purpose of The Explorer’s Daughter?
- To defend the Inughuit hunt against outside critics
- To show the beauty of both man and narwhal
- To prove the hunt is sustainable and not wasteful
- To present the hunt as a fair, ancient contest
- To reveal her own dilemma as honest, not biased
What is the message of The Explorer’s Daughter?
- Hunting for survival in a place that grows nothing is a moral necessity, not a cruelty.
What are the supporting issues and themes of The Explorer’s Daughter?
- Survival in a hostile climate
- Tradition and ancient ways of life
- Respect between predator and prey
- Community, family and shared risk
- Outsider judgement versus lived experience
- Beauty of the natural world
- Inner conflict and honest witness
What happens in The Explorer’s Daughter? Paragraph-by-paragraph breakdown
Paragraph 1
Both man and whale are beautiful and important.
- Two hours after the last hunters had returned and eaten
- Narwhals were spotted again, this time very close
- Within an hour those on shore could see the spray
- Spray caught the light in a spectral play of colour
- Two large pods of narwhal circled in the fjord
- Often looked as if they would merge
- Always slowly and methodically passing each other by
- Herbert scrambled back up to the lookout
- Looked across the glittering kingdom in front of her
- Took a sharp intake of breath
- Hunters were dotted all around the fjord
- Evening light was turning butter-gold
- Light glinted off both man and whale
- Caught the soft billows of smoke from a lone hunter’s pipe
- From the lookout the hunters seemed close enough to touch the narwhal
- Yet the hunters never moved
- Distances are always deceptive in the Arctic
- Wondered if the narwhal existed at all
- Or were instead mischievous tricks of the shifting light
Paragraph 2
Hunting is okay if it is done responsibly and not wastefully.
- Narwhal rarely stray from High Arctic waters
- Escape only to slightly warmer waters in dead of winter
- Never enter the warmer southern seas
- Hunters of Thule witness the annual return each summer
- The narwhal return to Inglefield Fjord
- Narwhal is essential to the survival of High Arctic hunters
- The mattak or blubber is rich in minerals and vitamins
- Climate prohibits the growth of vegetables or fruit
- This rich source of vitamin C prevented Eskimo scurvy
- For centuries the blubber was the only source of light and heat
- The dark rich meat is still valuable diet for man and dogs
- A single narwhal can feed a team of dogs for a month
- The single ivory tusk can grow up to six feet
- Tusk was used for harpoon tips and tool handles
- But the ivory was brittle and not satisfactory as a weapon
- Tusk was used for carving protective tupilaks
- Used as a central beam for small ancient dwellings
- The tusk seems to have little use for the narwhal itself
- They do not use it to break ice for breathing holes
- Nor do they use it to catch or attack prey
- Primary use is to disturb the sea bed
- This catches Arctic halibut, which they prefer
- Often the tusk ends are worn down or broken
Paragraph 3
Predator and prey are part of nature; narwhals are competitors, not victims.
- The women clustered on the knoll of the lookout
- Binoculars pointing in every direction
- Each woman focused on her husband or family member
- Spinning round at a small gasp or jump
- When one of the women saw a hunter near a narwhal
- Each wife knew her husband instinctively
- Watched their progress intently
- Crucial that her husband catch a narwhal
- The narwhal was part of their staple diet
- Mattak and meat could be sold to less lucky hunters
- This brought in much-needed extra income
- Every hunter was on the water
- Like watching a vast, waterborne game
- Hunters spread like a net around the sound
- Narwhal are intelligent creatures
- Their senses are keen
- They talk to one another under the water
- Their hearing is particularly developed
- They can hear a paddling kayak from a great distance
- That was why hunters had to sit so very still
Paragraph 4
She shows empathy for whales and respect for the brave hunters.
- One hunter was almost on top of a pair of narwhal
- The narwhal were huge
- He gently picked up his harpoon
- He aimed
- In that split second her heart leapt for both hunter and narwhal
- Urged the man on in her head
- He was so close
- So brave to attempt what he was about to do
- Miles from land in a flimsy kayak
- Could easily be capsized and drowned
- The hunter had no rifle
- Only one harpoon with two heads and one bladder
- It was a foolhardy exercise
- One that could only inspire respect
- And yet at the same time her heart urged the narwhal
- Urged the narwhal to dive, to leave, to survive
Paragraph 5
It is a difficult but necessary situation; her people are justified in their hunting.
- This dilemma stayed with her the whole time in Greenland
- Understands the harshness of life in the Arctic
- Understands the needs of hunters and their families
- Outsiders demand these animals be protected for their beauty
- Knows one cannot afford to be sentimental in the Arctic
- Has been asked: how can you possibly eat seal?
- Asked over and over again
- Images of men battering seals for fur years ago
- Did not help the issue of polar hunting
- But the Inughuit do not kill seals using that method
- Nor do they kill for sport
- They use every part of the animals they kill
- Most food in Thule is brought in by hunter-gatherers and fishermen
- Imported goods can only ever account for part of the food
- Only one annual supply ship makes it through the ice to Qaanaaq
- A small twice-weekly plane comes from West Greenland
- The plane can only carry a certain amount of goods
- Hunting is still an absolute necessity in Thule
What are the 10 best quotes from The Explorer’s Daughter?
| Point and Evidence | Analysis |
|---|---|
| What’s happening: Herbert opens her account by setting the scene at dusk in Thule, Greenland. She describes the icy fjord before the narwhal hunters take to the water. Point: The setting for the hunt is beautiful. “glittering kingdom” | Pathetic Fallacy “glittering”
|
| What’s happening: Herbert watches the narwhals surface in the fjord near the shore. She describes the animals themselves as beautiful before the hunt begins in earnest. Point: She thinks the narwhals are magical and beautiful too. “plumes of spray… spectral play of colours” | Metaphor “spectral”
|
| What’s happening: Herbert explains why the narwhal hunt takes place at all. She describes the whale as a vital food and resource for the Inuit families of Thule. Point: Narwhals are needed for the hunters to live. “an essential contributor to the survival of the hunters” | Opinion “Essential”
|
| What’s happening: Herbert notes that narwhals are confined to the High Arctic. She explains that the summer hunt is a brief seasonal window the Inuit depend upon. Point: The narwhal are not hunted all year round. “The narwhal rarely stray from High Arctic waters” | Fact “rarely”
|
| What’s happening: Herbert describes the women and children gathered on the shore watching the hunt. She shows that the whole community waits on the outcome. Point: Women and children will go hungry if the hunt fails. “The women clustered… binoculars pointing in every direction” | Emotive Language “clustered”
|
| What’s happening: Herbert watches the hunters in their kayaks manoeuvre around the pod. She compares the scene to a game, noting that both sides have skill and speed. Point: The men and whales are fairly matched. “like watching a vast, waterborne game” | Simile “game”
|
| What’s happening: Herbert pauses the action to describe the narwhals themselves. She reminds the reader that the prey is not passive but aware and communicating. Point: The whales are clever and not just victims. “The narwhal… are intelligent creatures, their senses are keen and they talk” | Fact “keen”
|
| What’s happening: Herbert describes the hunters far out at sea in small kayaks. She makes clear they are risking their own lives to bring food back to their families. Point: The brave hunters are at risk too. “miles from land in a flimsy kayak, and could easily be capsized and drowned” | Emotive Language “flimsy kayak”
|
| What’s happening: Herbert watches a narwhal being pursued and feels torn. She admits she also wanted the animal to escape, even as she understood the hunt’s necessity. Point: She cares for the whales as well as the hunters. “my heart also urged the narwhal to dive, to leave, to survive” | Personification “heart”
|
| What’s happening: Herbert closes by defending the Inuit hunt to a Western audience she knows may disapprove. She states plainly that survival in Thule still depends on it. Point: The ending defends her people one last time. “Hunting is still an absolute necessity in Thule” | Opinion “absolute”
|
Vocabulary List
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Arctic Circle | ice regions around the North and South Poles. |
| Billows | rolls of cloud, smoke or anything fluffy. |
| Bladder | a flexible bag or chamber that is filled with liquid or air. |
| blubber | The fat beneath a whale’s skin. |
| Capsized | used to describe an overturned boat. |
| Cluster | a small tight group. |
| Crucial | something that is so important that it could make the difference between success and failure. |
| Deceptive | something that deceives or tricks. |
| Dwelling | a home. |
| Eskimos | the indigenous people of the Arctic Circle. |
| Fjord | a Norwegian high mountain valley filled with seawater. |
| Flimsy | weak, thin and wobbly. |
| Foolhardy | a risk taker that could harm themselves. |
| Glinting | flashing slowly with reflected light. |
| Halibut | a type of fish. |
| Implement | another name for a tool |
| Instinctively | to do something naturally without thinking. |
| Intently | with very close attention. |
| Inughuit | another name for an Eskimo (a race of people that live by the North Pole). |
| Kayak | a very small boat for up to 2 people. |
| Knoll | a very small hill. |
| Mattak | Sliced whale skin with blubber attached. |
| Mischievous | tricky or naughty. |
| Plumes | a feather shape. |
| Predilection | preference (when you like something more than something else). |
| Qaanaaq | A town in Greenland. |
| Scrambling | to move quickly and awkwardly over loose ground. |
| Scurvy | a disease that weakens bone ; caused by a lack of vitamin C. |
| Shifting | moving suddenly from place to another. |
| Spectral | like a ghost. |
| Staple | the most common or basic type of something. E.g. Bread is a staple food for many people in the world. |
| Thule | a remote settlement in Greenland. |
| Tupilaks | A religious ornament of the Inuits. |
| Vast | hugely wide like the sea. |
| Waterborne | something that happens on or is carried by water (like airborne means carried in the air). |
What is the conclusion on The Explorer’s Daughter?
Herbert builds her case slowly and quietly. She shows the beauty of the hunt, names the food it provides, and admits her own torn heart. If your essay can hold both sides like she does, you have already passed her test. If revision feels as cold as a Greenland wind, warm up next door. The rest of the Edexcel iGCSE study guides are waiting.
Frequently asked questions
What is The Explorer’s Daughter about?
The Explorer’s Daughter is a piece of travel writing by Kari Herbert. She grew up among the Inughuit people of Thule in North Greenland.
In 2002 she returns and watches a narwhal hunt from a lookout. The piece is shaped by her dilemma.
What is the purpose of The Explorer’s Daughter?
- To defend the Inughuit hunt against outside critics
- To show the beauty of both man and narwhal
- To prove the hunt is sustainable and not wasteful
- To present the hunt as a fair, ancient contest
- To reveal her own dilemma as honest, not biased
What is the message of The Explorer’s Daughter?
- Hunting for survival in a place that grows nothing is a moral necessity, not a cruelty.
What are the supporting issues and themes of The Explorer’s Daughter?
- Survival in a hostile climate
- Tradition and ancient ways of life
- Respect between predator and prey
- Community, family and shared risk
- Outsider judgement versus lived experience